Journal of Shipping & Trade

In the decades following the introduction of EU modal shift policy in 1992, modal shift targets intending to decarbonize transport have been set at varying levels of governance. Shifting cargo …

Appendix 1 Feature source and scenario registries See Tables 16, 17, 18 and 19. Table 16 enumerates the complete admitted feature vector. Every target in Table 2 permits all 15 …

The logistics sector in India has been growing in recent years, even at a faster rate than the global average annual growth rate. The sector, though, is plagued by its …

This research adopts a qualitative case study approach, supported by literature review, to examine the relationship between theoretical expectations of port automation and the practical realities observed at TTL. The …

Climate risks Climate risks refer to the potential financial, social, and environmental harm caused by the effects of climate change, which can have significant consequences for industries, including shipping. These …

This section of the paper reviewed the existing literature into three sub-sections. The first sub-section discourses the concepts that have predominantly been used in this study. The second sub-section reviews …

The review underscores a wide array of strategies aimed at decarbonizing ferry systems, encompassing technological innovations, operational enhancements, and policy-driven interventions. Prominent approaches identified include electrification, the adoption of alternative …

Results from the systematic literature review The systematic literature review reveals a growing and increasingly diversified body of research addressing the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in maritime port …

This section details our proposed method. The process flowchart for our data fusion method includes AIS-based vessel trajectory extraction, video-based vessel trajectory extraction, and asynchronous vessel trajectory matching. For AIS …

This section investigates the phase in which established firms operationalize their investments as part of broader corporate engagement strategies with startups. Key incremental aspects, such as activity-based segmentation and geographic …

The rapid growth of freight mobility is intensifying the reliance on transportation modes and generating several transport-related challenges. The condition is observed from the fact that freight transport problems have …

Data sources The study covers panel data on 15 countries in West Africa for the period 2000–2018. Table 1 presents the variables used in the study, including their definitions, measurements …

Overview of identified floating port studies Our analysis identified 142 studies indexed in Scopus or WoS that deal with the topic of floating ports and harbors. Nevertheless, a closer look …

A summary of all operant resources for value co-creation is found in Table 2. Table 2 Summary of results linking operant resource to importance for value co-creation in port access …

This section details the findings from the questionnaire and interview data. Figure 1 lists the themes and subthemes/nodes, the number of interviewees who provided responses about each theme/node, and the …

Model performance A significant variation was found in the predictive power of the models evaluated under default parameters. The substantial RMSE heterogeneity across models, as observed in Table 3, draws …

The hierarchy of legal sources governing environmental compliance in ship sale contracts Before examining specific environmental obligations, it is necessary to distinguish the different sources of law that govern ship …

Climate change necessitates a rapid transition away from fossil fuels toward sustainable energy carriers (Wang et al. 2025; Shang et al. 2024; Zhang et al. 2026). Alternative zero-emission fuels, such …

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as …

The literature often presents automation as a desirable development in production systems. The transportation system is no exception. Automation would help to reduce ship operating costs and enhance navigation safety …

Research design A mixed methods design with an exploratory and diagnostic approach was adopted in this study (Hernandez-Sampieri and Mendoza 2018). The methodological objective was not to prove causal relationships, …

The authors thank the editor and reviewers for their constructive comments during the revision process. Use of AI-assisted tools During the revision of this manuscript, the authors used OpenAI’s ChatGPT …

Ethics approval and consent to participate All experiments adhered to institutional ethical standards. Participants were briefed on the study’s objectives, informed consent was obtained, and all data were anonymized. No …

The findings underscore critical practical implications for Nigeria’s successful implementation of the AfCFTA agreement within the context of maritime piracy and its economic consequences. Maritime piracy does not merely represent …

Alamoush and Ölçer (2025), reviewed the current literature on key technological advancements in the maritime industry categorizing them in automation technologies, digital technologies, carbon emissions technologies, and advanced emerging technologies. …

Berth characteristics of Apapa, Tin Can Island, Onne and Delta Seaports The berth characteristics of Apapa, Tin Can Island, Onne and Delta ports are shown in Table 1, 2, 3 …

This study identifies the hazards that arise during the interaction between the ROC and onboard controllers. The tables and the figures in the result section present the numbers, percentages, and …

Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority, Italy Port context Both in terms of financial independence and in terms of decisional independence, Italian Port System Authorities score low. They are non-economic public …

The shipping sector has more alternatives to decrease carbon emissions than merely depending on alternative green fuels. An important issue is that the concept of decarbonization for green shipping must …

To construct the activity-based emissions inventory for the Port of Hamburg it is necessary to approximate the traffic performance of the total number of vessels that are required to ship …

The main objective of this paper is to determine whether the costs of the most relevant world maritime transport port exhibit persistent deviations from equilibrium through fractional integration techniques. For …

While the machinery automation system should mitigate the impact of emergency situations (e.g. fire and flooding) (Bureau Veritas 2019), the maintenance and repair system should also be reliable and ensure …

Data description Table 3 provides an overview of port operation variables. The average number of quay cranes is 4.76, with high variability (STD of 6.44), ranging from 0 to 20 …

Container port productivity changes: the Malmquist index and its decomposition As mentioned above, the Malmquist Productivity Change can decompose into two components: EFFCH, which captures the catch-up effect, and TECHCH, …

Seaports are characterized as multidimensional systems that directly connect cargo, ships, and cities and are influenced by and influence their environment. Sustainability is strategic by considering that port development must …

Event study methodology In this section, we present the results for the geopolitical events’ impact on LNG transitions through Suez Canal. Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6, show the CARs …

The LSNDP was proven to be an NP-hard problem by Brouer et al. (2014), considering the complexities of the traveling salesman and set-covering problems. To address this, we applied a …

Before the 2000s: beginning of e-commerce and the dot-com bubble The beginning of the internet and e-commerce The historical analysis (visualised in Fig. 2) begins by establishing the internet's and …

Materials Most of the datasets used for this study were obtained directly from the Port Management Association of West and Central Africa (PMAWCA) and the official websites of the individual …

Research papers mapping As described in Step 1 of the methodology, the data collection process was structured around a systematic keyword-based search within Google Scholar, targeting publications that specifically discussed …

Inland navigation in Europe In this section, a current overview of the inland waterway transportation system is provided, showing its current strengths and weaknesses. With over 41 thousand kilometres of …

In this section, we present our results. We start with an overview of the parameter values in Sect. “Parameter values”. In Sect. “Theoretical results” we present our theoretical results, which …

Based on the above, judges, when deciding about the status of online logistics platforms, need to answer two questions: (1) Does the platform meet the criteria of an information society …

Dataset characteristics The dataset used in this study consist of bi-annual company level data on ship management revenues and expenses collected by the Cyprus Shipping Chamber from its members. In …

For trade facilitation definition, it’s known that the primary objective of trade facilitation is to streamline the regulatory framework for international trade, with the aim of minimizing transaction costs. Concurrently, …

We assessed performance under varying traffic levels and numbers of available pilots by generating problem instances based on the physical layout of the St. Lawrence River and operational data from …

Modern trends in the use of container ship processing technologies Influence of automation on the quality of port operations During the research, there was used classification of automatic equipment, which …

In 2020, rail container transit delivered excellent service and proved its exceptional resilience and reliability, whereas other transport modes were burdened with rate volatility, capacity restrictions, and equipment shortages. Rail …

The core terminal attributes depicted in Fig. 4I are descriptive and have limited meaning on an individual basis. However, analyzing a large sample of 331 terminals reveals patterns across these …

Efficiency analysis through the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method originated with Farrell in 1957. This approach was subsequently recast as a mathematical programming challenge by Charnes et al. (1978). …